A black swan is a highly improbable event with three principal characteristics: It is unpredictable; it carries a massive impact; and, after the fact, we concoct an explanation that makes it appear less randoабыжаm, and more predictable, than it was The astonishing success of Google was a black swan; so was 9/11 For Nassim Nicholas Taleb, black swans underlie almost everything about our world, from the rise of religions to events in our own personal lives Why do we not acknoавпщхwledge the phenomenon of black swans until after they occur? Part of the answer, according to Taleb, is that humans are hardwired to learn specifics when they should be focused on generalities We concentrate on things we already know and time and time again fail to take into consideration what we don't know We are, therefore, unable to truly estimate opportunities, too vulnerable to the impulse to simplify, narrate, and categorize, and not open enough to rewarding those who can imagавцэдine the "impossible" For years, Taleb has studied how we fool ourselves into thinking we know more than we actually do We restrict our thinking to the irrelevant and inconsequential, while large events continue to surprise us and shape our world Now, in this revelatory book, Taleb explains everything we know about what we don't know He offers surprisingly simple tricks for dealing with black swans and benefiting from them Elegant, startling, and universal in its applications, "The Black Swan" will change the way you look at the world Taleb is a vastly entertaining writer, with wit, irreverence, and unusual stories to tell He has a polymathic command of subjects ranging from cognitive science to business to probability theory "The Black Swan" is a landmark book-itself a black swan.